Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine

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PART 1: Introduction to Clinical Medicine

1 The Practice of Medicine

The Editors

2 Global Issues in Medicine

Jim Yong Kim / Paul Farmer / Joseph Rhatigan

3 Decision-Making in Clinical Medicine

Daniel B. Mark / John B. Wong

5 Principles of Clinical Pharmacology

Dan M. Roden

6 Women's Health

Andrea Dunaif

8 Medical Evaluation of the Surgical Patient

Wei C. Lau / Kim A. Eagle

9 Palliative and End-of-Life Care

Ezekiel J. Emanuel

10 The Safety and Quality of Health Care

David W. Bates

e1 Primary Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Tim Evans / Kumanan Rasanathan

e4 Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care

Joseph R. Betancourt / Alexander R. Green

PART 2: Cardinal Manifestations and Presentation of Diseases

SECTION 1 Pain

11 Pain: Pathophysiology and Management

James P. Rathmell / Howard L. Fields

12 Chest Discomfort

Thomas H. Lee

14 Headache

Peter J. Goadsby / Neil H. Raskin

15 Back and Neck Pain

John W. Engstrom / Richard A. Deyo

SECTION 2 Alterations in Body Temperature

16 Fever and Hyperthermia

Charles A. Dinarello / Reuven Porat

e7 Altas of Rashes Associated With Fever

Kenneth M. Kaye / Elaine T. Kaye

18 Fever of Unknown Origin

Jeffrey A. Gelfand / Michael V. Callahan

19 Hypothermia and Frostbite

Daniel F. Danzl

SECTION 3 Nervous System Dysfunction

20 Syncope

Roy Freeman

22 Weakness and Paralysis

Michael J. Aminoff

23 Numbness, Tingling, and Sensory Loss

Michael J. Aminoff / Arthur K. Asbury

26 Aphasia, Memory Loss, and Other Focal Cerebral Disorders

M.-Marsel Mesulam

e9 Memory Loss

Bruce L. Miller / Indre V. Viskontas

27 Sleep Disorders

Charles A. Czeisler / John W. Winkelman / Gary S. Richardson

SECTION 4 Disorders of Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat

28 Disorders of the Eye

Jonathan C. Horton

29 Disorders of Smell and Taste

Richard L. Doty / Steven M. Bromley

30 Disorders of Hearing

Anil K. Lalwani

31 Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections

Michael A. Rubin / Larry C. Ford / Ralph Gonzales

e12 Atlas of Oral Manifestations of Disease

Samuel C. Durso / Janet A. Yellowitz

SECTION 5 Alterations in Circulatory and Respiratory Functions

33 Dyspnea

Richard M. Schwartzstein

34 Cough and Hemoptysis

Patricia Kritek / Christopher Fanta

e13 Approach to the Patient With a Heart Murmur

Patrick T. O'Gara / Joseph Loscalzo

SECTION 6 Alterations in Gastrointestinal Function

38 Dysphagia

Ikuo Hirano / Peter J. Kahrilas

40 Diarrhea and Constipation

Michael Camilleri / Joseph A. Murray

41 Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Loren Laine

42 Jaundice

Daniel S. Pratt / Marshall M. Kaplan

43 Abdominal Swelling and Ascites

Kathleen E. Corey / Lawrence S. Friedman

SECTION 7 Alterations in Renal and Urinary Tract Function

44 Azotemia and Urinary Abnormalities

Julie Lin / Bradley M. Denker

e14 Atlas of Urinary Sediments and Renal Biopsies

Agnes B. Fogo / Eric G. Neilson

45 Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances

David B. Mount

e15 Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances and Acid-Base Disturbances: Case Examples

David B. Mount / Thomas D. DuBose, Jr.

46 Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia

Sundeep Khosla

47 Acidosis and Alkalosis

Thomas D. DuBose, Jr.

SECTION 8 Alterations in Sexual Function and Reproduction

48 Sexual Dysfunction

Kevin T. McVary

49 Hirsutism and Virilization

David A. Ehrmann

50 Menstrual Disorders and Pelvic Pain

Janet E. Hall

SECTION 9 Alterations in the Skin

51 Approach to the Patient With a Skin Disorder

Thomas J. Lawley / Kim B. Yancey

52 Eczema, Psoriasis, Cutaneous Infections, Acne, and Other Common Skin Disorders

Leslie P. Lawley / Calvin O. McCall / Thomas J. Lawley

54 Immunologically Mediated Skin Diseases

Kim B. Yancey / Thomas J. Lawley

55 Cutaneous Drug Reactions

Kanade Shinkai / Jean-Claude Roujeau / Robert S. Stern / Bruce U. Wintroub

56 Photosensitivity and Other Reactions to Light

Alexander G. Marneros / David R. Bickers

e16 Atlas of Skin Manifestations of Internal Disease

Thomas J. Lawley / Robert A. Swerlick

SECTION 10 Hematologic Alterations

57 Anemia and Polycythemia

John W. Adamson / Dan L. Longo

58 Bleeding and Thrombosis

Barbara Konkle

59 Enlargement of Lymph Nodes and Spleen

Patrick H. Henry / Dan L. Longo

60 Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes

Steven M. Holland / John I. Gallin

e17 Atlas of Hematology and Analysis of Peripheral Blood Smears

Dan L. Longo

PART 3: Genes, the Environment, and Disease

61 Principles of Human Genetics

J. Larry Jameson / Peter Kopp

62 Chromosome Disorders

Stuart Schwartz / Terry Hassold

63 The Practice of Genetics in Clinical Medicine

Susan Miesfeldt / J. Larry Jameson

e18 Mitochondrial DNA and Heritable Traits and Diseases

Karl Skorecki / Hanna Mandel

64 The Human Microbiome

Jeffrey I. Gordon / Rob Knight

e19 Systems Biology in Health and Disease

Joseph Loscalzo

PART 4: Regenerative Medicine

65 Stem Cell Biology

Minoru S. H. Ko

66 Hematopoietic Stem Cells

David T. Scadden / Dan L. Longo

67 Applications of Stem Cell Biology in Clinical Medicine

John A. Kessler

68 Gene Therapy in Clinical Medicine

Katherine A. High

69 Tissue Engineering

David M. Hoganson / Howard I. Pryor, II / Joseph P. Vacanti

PART 5: Aging

70 World Demography of Aging

Richard Suzman / John G. Haaga

71 The Biology of Aging

George M. Martin

72 Clinical Problems of Aging

Luigi Ferrucci / Stephanie Studenski

PART 6: Nutrition

74 Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess

Robert M. Russell / Paolo M. Suter

76 Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Therapy

Bruce R. Bistrian / David F. Driscoll

77 Biology of Obesity

Jeffrey S. Flier / Eleftheria Maratos-Flier

78 Evaluation and Management of Obesity

Robert F. Kushner

79 Eating Disorders

B. Timothy Walsh / Evelyn Attia

PART 7: Oncology and Hematology

SECTION 1 Neoplastic Disorders

81 Approach to the Patient With Cancer

Dan L. Longo

83 Cancer Genetics

Pat J. Morin / Jeffrey M. Trent / Francis S. Collins / Bert Vogelstein

84 Cancer Cell Biology and Angiogenesis

Robert G. Fenton / Dan L. Longo

85 Principles of Cancer Treatment

Edward A. Sausville / Dan L. Longo

86 Infections in Patients With Cancer

Robert Finberg

87 Cancer of the Skin

Walter J. Urba / Carl V. Washington / Hari Nadiminti

88 Head and Neck Cancer

Everett E. Vokes

89 Neoplasms of the Lung

Leora Horn / William Pao / David H. Johnson

90 Breast Cancer

Marc E. Lippman

91 Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer

Robert J. Mayer

92 Tumors of the Liver and Biliary Tree

Brian I. Carr

93 Pancreatic Cancer

Irene Chong / David Cunningham

94 Bladder and Renal Cell Carcinomas

Howard I. Scher / Robert J. Motzer

95 Benign and Malignant Diseases of the Prostate

Howard I. Scher

96 Testicular Cancer

Robert J. Motzer / George J. Bosl

97 Gynecologic Malignancies

Michael V. Seiden

99 Carcinoma of Unknown Primary

Gauri R. Varadhachary / James L. Abbruzzese

101 Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes

Josep Dalmau / Myrna R. Rosenfeld

SECTION 2 Hematopoietic Disorders

103 Iron Deficiency and Other Hypoproliferative Anemias

John W. Adamson

104 Disorders of Hemoglobin

Edward J. Benz, Jr.

105 Megaloblastic Anemias

A. Victor Hoffbrand

106 Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss

Lucio Luzzatto

107 Aplastic Anemia, Myelodysplasia, and Related Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes

Neal S. Young

108 Polycythemia Vera and Other Myeloproliferative Diseases

Jerry L. Spivak

109 Acute and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Meir Wetzler / Guido Marcucci / Clara D. Bloomfield

110 Malignancies of Lymphoid Cells

Dan L. Longo

111 Plasma Cell Disorders

Nikhil C. Munshi / Dan L. Longo / Kenneth C. Anderson

112 Amyloidosis

David C. Seldin / Martha Skinner

114 Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

Frederick R. Appelbaum

SECTION 3 Disorders of Hemostasis

115 Disorders of Platelets and Vessel Wall

Barbara Konkle

116 Coagulation Disorders

Valder R. Arruda / Katherine A. High

117 Arterial and Venous Thrombosis

Jane E. Freedman / Joseph Loscalzo

118 Antiplatelet, Anticoagulant, and Fibrinolytic Drugs

Jeffrey I. Weitz

PART 8: Infectious Diseases

SECTION 1 Basic Considerations in Infectious Diseases

119 Introduction to Infectious Diseases: Host-Pathogen Interactions

Lawrence C. Madoff / Dennis L. Kasper

120 Molecular Mechanisms of Microbial Pathogenesis

Gerald B. Pier

122 Immunization Principles and Vaccine Use

Anne Schuchat / Lisa A. Jackson

123 Health Recommendations for International Travel

Jay S. Keystone / Phyllis E. Kozarsky

e22 Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases

Alexander J. McAdam / Andrew B. Onderdonk

SECTION 2 Clinical Syndromes: Community-Acquired Infections

124 Infective Endocarditis

Adolf W. Karchmer

125 Infections of the Skin, Muscles, and Soft Tissues

Dennis L. Stevens

126 Osteomyelitis

Alan D. Tice

127 Intraabdominal Infections and Abscesses

Miriam J. Baron / Dennis L. Kasper

128 Acute Infectious Diarrheal Diseases and Bacterial Food Poisoning

Regina C. LaRocque / Edward T. Ryan / Stephen B. Calderwood

129 Clostridium difficile Infection, Including Pseudomembranous Colitis

Dale N. Gerding / Stuart Johnson

130 Sexually Transmitted Infections: Overview and Clinical Approach

Jeanne M. Marrazzo / King K. Holmes

e23 Infectious Complications of Burns

Lawrence C. Madoff / Florencia Pereyra

SECTION 3 Clinical Syndromes: Health Care-Associated Infections

131 Health Care-Associated Infections

Robert A. Weinstein

SECTION 4 Approach to Therapy for Bacterial Diseases

133 Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections

Gordon L. Archer / Ronald E. Polk

SECTION 5 Diseases Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria

134 Pneumococcal Infections

David Goldblatt / Katherine L. O'Brien

135 Staphylococcal Infections

Franklin D. Lowy

136 Streptococcal Infections

Michael R. Wessels

137 Enterococcal Infections

Cesar A. Arias / Barbara E. Murray

138 Diphtheria and Other Infections Caused by Corynebacteria and Related Species

William R. Bishai / John R. Murphy

139 Listeria monocytogenes Infections

Elizabeth L. Hohmann / Daniel A. Portnoy

140 Tetanus

C. Louise Thwaites / Lam Minh Yen

142 Gas Gangrene and Other Clostridial Infections

Amy E. Bryant / Dennis L. Stevens

SECTION 6 Diseases Caused by Gram-Negative Bacteria

143 Meningococcal Infections

Andrew J. Pollard

144 Gonococcal Infections

Sanjay Ram / Peter A. Rice

145 Haemophilus and Moraxella Infections

Timothy F. Murphy

147 Legionella Infections

Miguel Sabria / Victor L. Yu

148 Pertussis and Other Bordetella Infections

Scott A. Halperin

149 Diseases Caused by Gram-Negative Enteric Bacilli

Thomas A. Russo / James R. Johnson

151 Helicobacter pylori Infections

John C. Atherton / Martin J. Blaser

152 Infections Due to Pseudomonas Species and Related Organisms

Reuben Ramphal

153 Salmonellosis

David A. Pegues / Samuel I. Miller

154 Shigellosis

Philippe Sansonetti / Jean Bergounioux

156 Cholera and Other Vibrioses

Matthew K. Waldor / Edward T. Ryan

157 Brucellosis

Michael J. Corbel / Nicholas J. Beeching

158 Tularemia

Richard F. Jacobs / Gordon E. Schutze

159 Plague and Other Yersinia Infections

Michael B. Prentice

160 Bartonella Infections, Including Cat-Scratch Disease

Michael Giladi / Moshe Ephros

161 Donovanosis

Nigel O'Farrell

SECTION 7 Miscellaneous Bacterial Infections

162 Nocardiosis

Gregory A. Filice

163 Actinomycosis

Thomas A. Russo

164 Infections Due to Mixed Anaerobic Organisms

Dennis L. Kasper / Ronit Cohen-Poradosu

SECTION 8 Mycobacterial Diseases

165 Tuberculosis

Mario C. Raviglione / Richard J. O'Brien

166 Leprosy

Robert H. Gelber

167 Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections

Steven M. Holland

SECTION 9 Spirochetal Diseases

169 Syphilis

Sheila A. Lukehart

170 Endemic Treponematoses

Sheila A. Lukehart

171 Leptospirosis

Joseph M. Vinetz

172 Relapsing Fever

Mark S. Dworkin

173 Lyme Borreliosis

Allen C. Steere

SECTION 10 Diseases Caused by Rickettsiae, Mycoplasmas, and Chlamydiae

174 Rickettsial Diseases

David H. Walker / J. Stephen Dumler / Thomas Marrie

176 Chlamydial Infections

Charlotte A. Gaydos / Thomas C. Quinn

SECTION 11 Viral Diseases: General Considerations

177 Medical Virology

Fred Wang / Elliott Kieff

SECTION 12 Infections Due to DNA Viruses

179 Herpes Simplex Virus Infections

Lawrence Corey

180 Varicella-Zoster Virus Infections

Richard J. Whitley

181 Epstein-Barr Virus Infections, Including Infectious Mononucleosis

Jeffrey I. Cohen

182 Cytomegalovirus and Human Herpesvirus Types 6, 7, and 8

Martin S. Hirsch

183 Molluscum Contagiosum, Monkeypox, and Other Poxvirus Infections

Fred Wang

184 Parvovirus Infections

Kevin E. Brown

185 Human Papillomavirus Infections

Richard C. Reichman

SECTION 13 Infections Due to DNA and RNA Respiratory Viruses

187 Influenza

Raphael Dolin

SECTION 14 Infections Due to Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Other Human Retroviruses

188 The Human Retroviruses

Dan L. Longo / Anthony S. Fauci

189 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease: AIDS and Related Disorders

Anthony S. Fauci / H. Clifford Lane

SECTION 15 Infections Due to RNA Viruses

190 Viral Gastroenteritis

Umesh D. Parashar / Roger I. Glass

191 Enteroviruses and Reoviruses

Jeffrey I. Cohen

192 Measles (Rubeola)

William J. Moss

193 Rubella (German Measles)

Laura A. Zimmerman / Susan E. Reef

194 Mumps

Steven Rubin / Kathryn M. Carbone

195 Rabies and Other Rhabdovirus Infections

Alan C. Jackson

197 Ebola and Marburg Viruses

Clarence J. Peters

SECTION 16 Fungal Infections

199 Histoplasmosis

Chadi A. Hage / L. Joseph Wheat

200 Coccidioidomycosis

Neil M. Ampel

202 Cryptococcosis

Arturo Casadevall

203 Candidiasis

John E. Edwards, Jr.

204 Aspergillosis

David W. Denning

205 Mucormycosis

Brad Spellberg / Ashraf S. Ibrahim

207 Pneumocystis Infections

A. George Smulian / Peter D. Walzer

SECTION 18 Protozoal Infections

209 Amebiasis and Infection With Free-Living Amebas

Samuel L. Stanley, Jr.

210 Malaria

Nicholas J. White / Joel G. Breman

e27 Atlas of Blood Smears of Malaria and Babesiosis

Nicholas J. White / Joel G. Breman

212 Leishmaniasis

Shyam Sundar

213 Chagas' Disease and Trypanosomiasis

Louis V. Kirchhoff / Anis Rassi, Jr.

214 Toxoplasma Infections

Kami Kim / Lloyd H. Kasper

215 Protozoal Intestinal Infections and Trichomoniasis

Peter F. Weller

SECTION 19 Helminthic Infections

216 Trichinellosis and Other Tissue Nematode Infections

Peter F. Weller

217 Intestinal Nematode Infections

Peter F. Weller / Thomas B. Nutman

218 Filarial and Related Infections

Thomas B. Nutman / Peter F. Weller

219 Schistosomiasis and Other Trematode Infections

Adel A. F. Mahmoud

220 Cestode Infections

A. Clinton White, Jr. / Peter F. Weller

PART 9: Terrorism and Clinical Medicine

221 Microbial Bioterrorism

H. Clifford Lane / Anthony S. Fauci

222 Chemical Terrorism

Charles G. Hurst / Jonathan Newmark / James A. Romano, Jr.

223 Radiation Terrorism

Zelig A. Tochner / Eli Glatstein

PART 10: Disorders of the Cardiovascular System

SECTION 1 Introduction to Cardiovascular Disorders

224 Basic Biology of the Cardiovascular System

Joseph Loscalzo / Peter Libby / Jonathan Epstein

225 Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease

Thomas A. Gaziano / J. Michael Gaziano

226 Approach to the Patient With Possible Cardiovascular Disease

Joseph Loscalzo

SECTION 2 Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disorders

227 Physical Examination of the Cardiovascular System

Patrick T. O'Gara / Joseph Loscalzo

228 Electrocardiography

Ary L. Goldberger

e28 Atlas of Electrocardiography

Ary L. Goldberger

229 Noninvasive Imaging: Echocardiography, Nuclear Cardiology, and MRI/CT Imaging

Rick A. Nishimura / Panithaya Chareonthaitawee / Matthew Martinez

e29 Atlas of Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging

Rick A. Nishimura / Panithya Chareonthaitawee / Matthew Martinez

230 Diagnostic Cardiac Catheterization and Coronary Angiography

Jane A. Leopold / David P. Faxon

SECTION 3 Disorders of Rhythm

231 Principles of Electrophysiology

David D. Spragg / Gordon F. Tomaselli

232 The Bradyarrhythmias

David D. Spragg / Gordon F. Tomaselli

233 The Tachyarrhythmias

Francis Marchlinski

e30 Atlas of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Ary L. Goldberger

SECTION 4 Disorders of the Heart

234 Heart Failure and Cor Pulmonale

Douglas L. Mann / Murali Chakinala

235 Cardiac Transplantation and Prolonged Assisted Circulation

Sharon A. Hunt / Hari R. Mallidi

236 Congenital Heart Disease in the Adult

John S. Child / Jamil Aboulhosn

237 Valvular Heart Disease

Patrick O'Gara / Joseph Loscalzo

238 Cardiomyopathy and Myocarditis

Lynne Warner Stevenson / Joseph Loscalzo

239 Pericardial Disease

Eugene Braunwald

240 Tumors and Trauma of the Heart

Eric H. Awtry / Wilson S. Colucci

SECTION 5 Vascular Disease

241 The Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Atherosclerosis

Peter Libby

242 The Metabolic Syndrome

Robert H. Eckel

243 Ischemic Heart Disease

Elliott M. Antman / Andrew P. Selwyn / Joseph Loscalzo

244 Unstable Angina and Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Christopher P. Cannon / Eugene Braunwald

245 ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Elliott M. Antman / Joseph Loscalzo

246 Percutaneous Coronary Interventions and Other Interventional Procedures

David P. Faxon / Deepak L. Bhatt

e33 Atlas of Percutaneous Revascularization

Jane A. Leopold / Deepak L. Bhatt / David P. Faxon

247 Hypertensive Vascular Disease

Theodore A. Kotchen

248 Diseases of the Aorta

Mark A. Creager / Joseph Loscalzo

249 Vascular Diseases of the Extremities

Mark A. Creager / Joseph Loscalzo

250 Pulmonary Hypertension

Stuart Rich

PART 11: Disorders of the Respiratory System

SECTION 1 Diagnosis of Respiratory Disorders

252 Disturbances of Respiratory Function

Edward T. Naureckas / Julian Solway

253 Diagnostic Procedures in Respiratory Diseases

Anne L. Fuhlbrigge / Augustine M. K.Choi

e34 Atlas of Chest Imaging

Patricia Kritek / John J. Reilly, Jr.

SECTION 2 Diseases of the Respiratory System

254 Asthma

Peter J. Barnes

255 Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis and Pulmonary Infiltrates With Eosinophilia

Alicia K. Gerke / Gary W. Hunninghake

256 Occupational and Environmental Lung Disease

John R. Balmes / Frank E. Speizer

258 Bronchiectasis and Lung Abscess

Rebecca M. Baron / John G. Bartlett

259 Cystic Fibrosis

Richard C. Boucher

260 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

John J. Reilly, Jr. / Edwin K. Silverman / Steven D. Shapiro

261 Interstitial Lung Diseases

Talmadge E. King, Jr.

262 Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Thromboembolism

Samuel Z. Goldhaber

263 Disorders of the Pleura and Mediastinum

Richard W. Light

264 Disorders of Ventilation

John F. McConville / Julian Solway

PART 12: Critical Care Medicine

SECTION 1 Respiratory Critical Care

267 Approach to the Patient With Critical Illness

John P. Kress / Jesse B. Hall

268 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Bruce D. Levy / Augustine M.K. Choi

269 Mechanical Ventilatory Support

Bartolome R. Celli

SECTION 2 Shock and Cardiac Arrest

270 Approach to the Patient With Shock

Ronald V. Maier

271 Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock

Robert S. Munford

272 Cardiogenic Shock and Pulmonary Edema

Judith S. Hochman / David H. Ingbar

273 Cardiovascular Collapse, Cardiac Arrest, and Sudden Cardiac Death

Robert J. Myerburg / Agustin Castellanos

SECTION 3 Neurologic Critical Care

274 Coma

Allan H. Ropper

275 Neurologic Critical Care, Including Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy, and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

J. Claude Hemphill, III / Wade S. Smith / Daryl R. Gress

SECTION 4 Oncologic Emergencies

276 Oncologic Emergencies

Rasim Gucalp / Janice Dutcher

PART 13: Disorders of the Kidney and Urinary Tract

277 Cellular and Molecular Biology of the Kidney

Alfred L. George, Jr. / Eric G. Neilson

278 Adaptation of the Kidney to Renal Injury

Raymond C. Harris / Eric G. Neilson

279 Acute Kidney Injury

Sushrut S. Waikar / Joseph V. Bonventre

280 Chronic Kidney Disease

Joanne M. Bargman / Karl Skorecki

281 Dialysis in the Treatment of Renal Failure

Kathleen D. Liu / Glenn M. Chertow

282 Transplantation in the Treatment of Renal Failure

Anil Chandraker / Edgar L. Milford / Mohamed H. Sayegh

283 Glomerular Diseases

Julia B. Lewis / Eric G. Neilson

284 Polycystic Kidney Disease and Other Inherited Tubular Disorders

David J. Salant / Craig E. Gordon

285 Tubulointerstitial Diseases of the Kidney

Laurence H. Beck, Jr. / David J. Salant

286 Vascular Injury to the Kidney

Stephen C. Textor / Nelson Leung

288 Urinary Tract Infections, Pyelonephritis, and Prostatitis

Barbara W. Trautner / Kalpana Gupta

289 Urinary Tract Obstruction

Julian L. Seifter

PART 14: Disorders of the Gastrointestinal System

SECTION 1 Disorders of the Alimentary Tract

291 Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

Louis Michel Wong Kee Song / Mark Topazian

292 Diseases of the Esophagus

Peter J. Kahrilas / Ikuo Hirano

293 Peptic Ulcer Disease and Related Disorders

John Del Valle

294 Disorders of Absorption

Henry J. Binder

295 Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Sonia Friedman / Richard S. Blumberg

296 Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Chung Owyang

297 Diverticular Disease and Common Anorectal Disorders

Susan L. Gearhart

298 Mesenteric Vascular Insufficiency

Susan L. Gearhart

299 Acute Intestinal Obstruction

William Silen

300 Acute Appendicitis and Peritonitis

William Silen

SECTION 2 Liver and Biliary Tract Disease

301 Approach to the Patient With Liver Disease

Marc Ghany / Jay H. Hoofnagle

302 Evaluation of Liver Function

Daniel S. Pratt / Marshall M. Kaplan

303 The Hyperbilirubinemias

Allan W. Wolkoff

304 Acute Viral Hepatitis

Jules L. Dienstag

305 Toxic and Drug-Induced Hepatitis

Jules L. Dienstag

306 Chronic Hepatitis

Jules L. Dienstag

307 Alcoholic Liver Disease

Mark E. Mailliard / Michael F. Sorrell

308 Cirrhosis and Its Complications

Bruce R. Bacon

e38 Atlas of Liver Biopsies

Jules L. Dienstag / Atul K. Bhan

311 Diseases of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts

Norton J. Greenberger / Gustav Paumgartner

SECTION 3 Disorders of the Pancreas

312 Approach to the Patient With Pancreatic Disease

Norton J. Greenberger / Darwin L. Conwell / Peter A. Banks

313 Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis

Norton J. Greenberger / Darwin L. Conwell / Bechien U. Wu / Peter A. Banks

PART 15: Disorders of the Joints and Adjacent Tissues

SECTION 1 The Immune System in Health and Disease

314 Introduction to the Immune System

Barton F. Haynes / Kelly A. Soderberg / Anthony S. Fauci

315 The Major Histocompatibility Complex

Gerald T. Nepom

316 Primary Immune Deficiency Diseases

Alain Fischer

SECTION 2 Disorders of Immune-Mediated Injury

317 Allergies, Anaphylaxis, and Systemic Mastocytosis

K. Frank Austen

319 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Bevra Hannahs Hahn

321 Rheumatoid Arthritis

Ankoor Shah / E. William St. Clair

322 Acute Rheumatic Fever

Jonathan R. Carapetis

323 Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma) and Related Disorders

John Varga

324 Sjögren's Syndrome

Haralampos M. Moutsopoulos / Athanasios G. Tzioufas

325 The Spondyloarthritides

Joel D. Taurog

326 The Vasculitis Syndromes

Carol A. Langford / Anthony S. Fauci

e40 Atlas of the Vasculitic Syndromes

Carol A. Langford / Anthony S. Fauci

328 Relapsing Polychondritis

Carol A. Langford

329 Sarcoidosis

Robert P. Baughman / Elyse E. Lower

SECTION 3 Disorders of the Joints and Adjacent Tissues

331 Approach to Articular and Musculoskeletal Disorders

John J. Cush / Peter E. Lipsky

332 Osteoarthritis

David T. Felson

333 Gout and Other Crystal-Associated Arthropathies

H. Ralph Schumacher / Lan X. Chen

334 Infectious Arthritis

Lawrence C. Madoff

335 Fibromyalgia

Leslie J. Crofford

336 Arthritis Associated With Systemic Disease and Other Arthritides

Carol A. Langford / Brian F. Mandell

337 Periarticular Disorders of the Extremities

Carol A. Langford / Bruce C. Gilliland

PART 16: Endocrinology and Metabolism

SECTION 1 Endocrinology

338 Principles of Endocrinology

J. Larry Jameson

339 Disorders of the Anterior Pituitary and Hypothalamus

Shlomo Melmed / J. Larry Jameson

340 Disorders of the Neurohypophysis

Gary L. Robertson

341 Disorders of the Thyroid Gland

J. Larry Jameson / Anthony P. Weetman

342 Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex

Wiebke Arlt

343 Pheochromocytoma

Hartmut P.H. Neumann

344 Diabetes Mellitus

Alvin C. Powers

345 Hypoglycemia

Philip E. Cryer / Stephen N. Davis

346 Disorders of the Testes and Male Reproductive System

Shalender Bhasin / J. Larry Jameson

347 The Female Reproductive System, Infertility, and Contraception

Janet E. Hall

348 The Menopause Transition and Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy

JoAnn E. Manson / Shari S. Bassuk

349 Disorders of Sex Development

John C. Achermann / J. Larry Jameson

350 Endocrine Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract and Pancreas

Robert T. Jensen

351 Disorders Affecting Multiple Endocrine Systems

Camilo Jimenez Vasquez / Robert F. Gagel

SECTION 2 Disorders of Bone and Mineral Metabolism

352 Bone and Mineral Metabolism in Health and Disease

F. Richard Bringhurst / Marie B. Demay / Stephen M. Krane / Henry M. Kronenberg

353 Disorders of the Parathyroid Gland and Calcium Homeostasis

John T. Potts, Jr. / Harald Jüppner

354 Osteoporosis

Robert Lindsay / Felicia Cosman

355 Paget's Disease and Other Dysplasias of Bone

Murray J. Favus / Tamara J. Vokes

SECTION 3 Disorders of Intermediary Metabolism

356 Disorders of Lipoprotein Metabolism

Daniel J. Rader / Helen H. Hobbs

357 Hemochromatosis

Lawrie W. Powell

358 The Porphyrias

Robert J. Desnick / Manisha Balwani

359 Disorders of Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism

Christopher M. Burns / Robert L. Wortmann

360 Wilson's Disease

George J. Brewer

362 Glycogen Storage Diseases and Other Inherited Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism

Priya S. Kishnani / Yuan-Tsong Chen

363 Heritable Disorders of Connective Tissue

Darwin J. Prockop / John F. Bateman

364 Inherited Disorders of Amino Acid Metabolism in Adults

Nicola Longo

e41 Atlas of Clinical Manifestations of Metabolic Diseases

J. Larry Jameson

PART 17: Neurologic Disorders

SECTION 1 Diagnosis of Neurologic Disorders

366 Biology of Neurologic Diseases

Stephen L. Hauser / M. Flint Beal

368 Neuroimaging in Neurologic Disorders

William P. Dillon

e44 Atlas of Neuroimaging

Andre Furtado / William P. Dillon

e45 Electrodiagnostic Studies of Nervous System Disorders: EEG, Evoked Potentials, and EMG

Michael J. Aminoff

e46 Technique of Lumbar Puncture

Elizabeth Robbins / Stephen L. Hauser

SECTION 2 Diseases of the Central Nervous System

369 Seizures and Epilepsy

Daniel H. Lowenstein

370 Cerebrovascular Diseases

Wade S. Smith / Joey D. English / S. Claiborne Johnston

371 Dementia

William W. Seeley / Bruce L. Miller

372 Parkinson's Disease and Other Movement Disorders

C. Warren Olanow / Anthony H.V. Schapira

373 Ataxic Disorders

Roger N. Rosenberg

374 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Motor Neuron Diseases

Robert H. Brown, Jr.

375 Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

Phillip A. Low / John W. Engstrom

376 Trigeminal Neuralgia, Bell's Palsy, and Other Cranial Nerve Disorders

M. Flint Beal / Stephen L. Hauser

377 Diseases of the Spinal Cord

Stephen L. Hauser / Allan H. Ropper

378 Concussion and Other Head Injuries

Allan H. Ropper

379 Primary and Metastatic Tumors of the Nervous System

Lisa M. DeAngelis / Patrick Y. Wen

380 Multiple Sclerosis and Other Demyelinating Diseases

Stephen L. Hauser / Douglas S. Goodin

381 Meningitis, Encephalitis, Brain Abscess, and Empyema

Karen L. Roos / Kenneth L. Tyler

382 Chronic and Recurrent Meningitis

Walter J. Koroshetz / Morton N. Swartz

383 Prion Diseases

Stanley B. Prusiner / Bruce L. Miller

SECTION 3 Nerve and Muscle Disorders

384 Peripheral Neuropathy

Anthony A. Amato / Richard J. Barohn

385 Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Other Immune-Mediated Neuropathies

Stephen L. Hauser / Anthony A. Amato

386 Myasthenia Gravis and Other Diseases of the Neuromuscular Junction

Daniel B. Drachman

387 Muscular Dystrophies and Other Muscle Diseases

Anthony A. Amato / Robert H. Brown, Jr.

388 Polymyositis, Dermatomyositis, and Inclusion Body Myositis

Marinos C. Dalakas

e47 Special Issues in Inpatient Neurologic Consultation

S. Andrew Josephson / Martin A. Samuels

SECTION 4 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

389 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Gijs Bleijenberg / Jos W.M. van der Meer

SECTION 5 Psychiatric Disorders

390 Biology of Psychiatric Disorders

Robert O. Messing / John H. Rubenstein / Eric J. Nestler

391 Mental Disorders

Victor I. Reus

SECTION 6 Alcoholism and Drug Dependency

392 Alcohol and Alcoholism

Marc A. Schuckit

PART 18: Poisoning, Drug Overdose, and Envenomation

396 Disorders Caused by Venomous Snakebites and Marine Animal Exposures

Paul S. Auerbach / Robert L. Norris

397 Ectoparasite Infestations and Arthropod Bites and Stings

Richard J. Pollack

PART 19: High-Altitude and Decompression Sickness

e51 Altitude Illness

Buddha Basnyat / Geoffrey Tabin

e52 Hyperbaric and Diving Medicine

Michael H. Bennett / Simon J. Mitchell

APPENDIX

e53 The Clinical Laboratory in Modern Health Care

Anthony A. Killeen