PART 16: Endocrinology and Metabolism
SECTION 1 Endocrinology
340 Disorders of the Neurohypophysis
 | Figure 340-1 Primary structures of arginine vasopressin (AVP), oxytocin, and desmopressin. |
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 | Figure 340-2 Antidiuretic effect of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the regulation of urine volume. In a typical 70-kg adult, the kidney filters ∼180 L/d of plasma. Of this, ∼144 L (80%) is reabsorbed isosmotically in the proximal tubule and another 8 L (4–5%) is reabsorbed without solute... |
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 | Figure 340-3 Relationship of plasma AVP to urine osmolarity (left) and plasma osmolarity (right) before and during fluid deprivation–hypertonic saline infusion test in patients who are normal or have primary polydipsia (blue zones), pituitary... |
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 | Figure 340-4 Effect of desmopressin therapy on water balance in a patient with uncomplicated pituitary diabetes insipidus. Note that treatment rapidly reduces thirst and fluid intake as well as urine output to normal, with only a slight increase in body water (weight) and a decrease in plasma... |
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 | Figure 340-5 Heterogeneity of osmoregulatory dysfunction in adipsic hypernatremia (AH) and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD). Each line depicts schematically the relationship of plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) to plasma osmolarity during water loading and/or infusion of 3% saline in a... |
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