PART 2: Cardinal Manifestations and Presentation of Diseases
SECTION 6 Alterations in Gastrointestinal Function
40 Diarrhea and Constipation
 | Figure 40-1 Sagittal view of the anorectum (A) at rest and (B) during straining to defecate. Continence is maintained by normal rectal sensation and tonic contraction of the internal anal sphincter and the puborectalis muscle, which wraps around the anorectum, maintaining an anorectal... |
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 | Figure 40-2 Algorithm for the management of acute diarrhea. Consider empirical Rx before evaluation with (*) metronidazole and with (†) quinolone. WBCs, white blood cells. |
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 | Figure 40-3 Chronic diarrhea. A. Initial management based on accompanying symptoms or features. B. Evaluation based on findings from a limited age-appropriate screen for organic disease. pr, per rectum; bm, bowel movement; IBS, irritable bowel syndrome; Hb,... |
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 | Figure 40-4 Algorithm for the management of constipation. |
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