PART 2: Cardinal Manifestations and Presentation of Diseases
SECTION 7 Alterations in Renal and Urinary Tract Function
e15 Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances and Acid-Base Disturbances: Case Examples
 | Figure e15-1 Water, sodium, potassium, ammonia, and proton transport in principal cells (PC) and adjacent type A intercalated cells. Water is absorbed down the osmotic gradient by principal cells through the apical aquaporin-2 (AQP-2) and basolateral aquaporin-3 and aquaporin-4 channels. The absorption of Na+ via the... |
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 | Figure e15-2 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-2 and syndromes of apparent mineralocorticoid excess. The enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-2 (11βHSD-2) protects cells in the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron [the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), connecting tubule (CNT), and collecting duct] from the illicit activation... |
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