PART 8: Infectious Diseases
SECTION 14 Infections Due to Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Other Human Retroviruses
188 The Human Retroviruses
 | Figure 188-1 The life cycle of retroviruses. A. Overview of virus replication. The retrovirus enters a target cell by binding to a specific cell-surface receptor; once the virus is internalized, its RNA is released from the nucleocapsid and is reverse-transcribed into proviral DNA. The... |
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 | Figure 188-2 Genomic structure of retroviruses. The murine leukemia virus MuLV has the typical three structural genes: gag, pol, and env. The gag region gives rise to three proteins: matrix (MA), capsid (CA), and nucleic... |
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 | Figure 188-3 Schematic structure of human retroviruses. The surface glycoprotein (SU) is responsible for binding to receptors of host cells. The transmembrane protein (TM) anchors SU to the virus. NC is a nucleic acid–binding protein found in association with the viral RNA. A protease (PR) cleaves the polyproteins encoded by the |
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 | Figure 188-4 Global distribution of HTLV-I infection. Countries with a prevalence of HTLV-I infection of 1–5% are shaded darkly. Note that the distribution of infected patients is not uniform in endemic countries. For example, the people of southwestern Japan and northeastern Brazil are more commonly affected than those in other regions of those... |
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